Sympathetic governor for electric-power distribution.



.- L. S. HENLEY & F. R. KELLER.

SYMPATHETIC GOVERNOR FOR ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBb APPLICATION FILED JULY 3.1914.

1 ,236, 93 1 I I Patented Aug. 14, L917.

3 SHEETS SHEET L Y -L. S. HENLEY & F. R. KELLER. SYMPATHETIC GOVERNOR FOR ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION.

' APPLICATION FILED JULY 3, I914. 1,236,931. Patented Aug. 14, 1917.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Q R Max. M

W I Suva/"tows L. S. HENLEY & F. R. KELLER. SYMPATHETIC GOVERNORIFORAELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3,1914.

Patented Aug. 14, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' U iTEns TEs PATENT OFFICE.

LUTHER mavens HENILEY, or LEBANON, AND FREDERICK ROWE KELLER, or MANHEIM TOWNSl-IIP, (LANCASTER, COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

: sxmra'rnnrideovemvoa .FOR ELECTRIC-POWER DISTRIBUTION. I

' To all whom iii-may concern:

Be it knownthat we, LUTHEii-STRAUGHAN HENLEY and FREDERI K R. KELLER, citi zens of the United States, residing at Lebanon, in the, county of. Lebanon, State of Pennsylvania, and Manli'eiintownship,- county of Lancaster, State'of Pennsylvania, respectively,=have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sympathetic Govi0 ernors for Electric-Power. Distribution, of

- which the following is a description, reference being had to theaccompanying draw-.. 'ing and to the figures'of reference marked thereon. I Electric energy is often distributed from ,.a main power line to a plurality of units where it is utilized .for various purposes. These units may be so related to each other and to the capacity of thepower plant as to approach very near to and sometimes exceed the capacity thereof. The present in- 'vention relates to new and useful improvements in sympathetic governors for distributing systems of the above character. The object of the invention is to provide a sympathetic governor which is so constructed as to automatically cut out a portion or all of the power suppliedto a unitof a minor or auxiliary character when the power required by all the units being operated by the system approaches the capacity of the generating unit so as to avoid the cutting outof a major or main unit and therebymaintain the; continuous action or operation of "said main unit.

A further object of the invention is to provide a governor of the above character which may be used in connection with a plurality of auxiliary or minor units and 40 which is so"-constructed'as to cut out said to restore said units to their normal connection with the main power line when the power utilized by said ma or or main unit drops to a safe limit.

'50 A still further object of the invention is to provide a sympathetic governor of the above character which W1ll restore the m1- nor or auxiliary units to operative connecfor the power line.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 14, 1917. L. r Application filed July 3, 1914. Serial No. 848,773.

tion with the main power line in the reverse order from which said units are out out. These-and other, objectswilljnpart be obvious and will in part be hereinafter more.

fully disclosed.

- In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view showing more .or less diagrammatically the sympathetic governor applied to a distributing system wherein the minor .or auxiliary unitis utilized for opcrating an air compressor and wherein said I sympathetic governor automatically unloads said compressor by successive stages and restores the compressor to normal fulLoperative, condition in the reverse order from which it is unloaded.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the-sympathetic governor as applied to the plurality of auxiliary units wherein the several auxiliary units are successively cut out in a predetermined order and wherein said units are restored to normal operative connection with-the line in the reverse order "from which they are out out.

, Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 show ing a slightly modified form of sympathetic governor and also showing thegovernor as applied to a direct current distributingsystem.

The invention consists, enerally, in providiiig a sympathetic governor which may be used in connection with a main power line which supplies a plurality of units.

vAs shown in Fig. 1, the sympathetic governor is applied to-the conti'ol'ling'of a sys tem wherein an air compressor is operated from one of the units supplied by the 7 power line, while another unit is utilized for The operating .a skip hoist, or the. like. skip hoist is operated only at intervals but it is extremely essential that when the hoist isin operation it shall continue or be maintained in operation until the desired cycle of operation is. completed. It is also desirable to operate these units on a generating system wherein the combined load' of all of the units approach'very nearly or possibly exceeds the capacity of the generator In conjunction with such a system, we have provided a sympastages as the power demanded by the comthetic governor which is so constructed and operated as to unload the air compressor in bined units approaches the capacity of the generator and thus the operation of the hoist is maintained at a sacrifice for a temporary period of the operation of the air compressor. The air compressor has a pluthe sympathetic governor including relays and the automatic controlling device above referred to are utilized for cutting out in succession a plurality of auxiliary lines to which power is supplied from the main line and these auxiliary lines may be used for any desired purposes. Such an embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

In the above referred to embodiments of the invention, the control for the cut out and restoring devices is partly mechanical and partly elect-ricalf The relays are all short circuited except the one which is to be effective for cutting out one of the units or unloading the first stage of the air compressor and the operation of this first relay throws into operative connection the second relay, and soon. The armatures controlled by the relays are mechanically controlled by suitable latches so that the armatures can only be moved upon the releasing of the latches and these latches in turn are so con trolled as to permit the relays to be rendered ineffective in reverse order from which they become effective. In another embodiment of the invention, the sympathetic controller is slightly modified in that the order of operation is mechanically controlled both in the cutting out of the uxiliary units and in the restoring of the same to normal operation. Such an embodiment of the invention is shown in 3 of the drawings.

' Referring more in detail to the drawings, we have shown in Fig. 1 diagrammatically an embodiment of the invention wherein an air compressor is unloaded by separate stage unloade s so that said air con'ipressor may be caused to run at full capacity; three-fourths its full capacity; one-half its capacity, etc. This embodiment of the invention is particularly adapted to be used where the air compressor is operated by the same power plant which operates the hoist or other devices connected with a mine. The air compressor and the other various units form a load on the power plant which when combined may rlln above the capacity of the power plant or generating svstcm. The svmpalhctic govcrnor is used fpr the purpose ol automatically cutting out or modifying theaction of the air compressor to prevent the load peak from running beyond the capacity of the power plant. In other words, if the hoist is operating, it will continue to operate and the power supplied to the air compressor will bo cut down to permitthis continued operation of the hoist. The air compressin cylinder of the air compressor is indicated at l in the drawings. The piston is reciprocated in the cylinder by a motor )1 which is elcctrically operated from the main power line 3. The main power line 3 is herein shown as an alternating current-distributing system, and the power may be supplied to said power line 3 from any suitable source such as a generator S. The main power line is also utilized to operate the motor M which, in turn, oscillates the hoist S. This last-named unit will be referred to as the main unit of the system, while the air compressor will be referred to as the auxiliary unit of the system. These expressions are used solely for the convenience of describing the devices and for indieating that one unit is of greater importance than another when in operation and is, therefore, the desirable unit to maintain in action even at a sacrifice if necessary of the elliciency of the other units.

The cylinder 1 of the air conmressor is provided with four unloadcrs l, 3. (5 and 7. Each unloader consists of an auxiliary a'r chamber 8 which is connected to a port in the wall of the cylinder and each of these ports is controlled by a valve 9. The valve 5) is; connected with a piston 10 in a piston cham ber 11. These several piston chambers are connected, respectively, with thepipes 12. 13, 1st and 15. These pipes lead, rcspcctively, to valve controlling chambers 1(3, 17., 18 and 19. These valve controlling chambers are alike in constructhm and each is supplied with a pipe 20 which is connected to a common valve chamber 21 and this valve chamber 21 is connected by a pipe 2:2 to the storage reservoir 23. When the pump is in normal operation the valves are set so that the storage reservoir will be connected through the pipes 12, 13, ll and 15 with the. piston chambers 11 and the valves t) will be held closed. If any one of the pipes 12, lb, 1 or 15 are, however, cut otl from the stow age reservoir and opened to the atnmsphcrr. this will release the pressure back of the pi:-:- tons 10 and permit the valves to be opened. Each of the unloaders when its ,valve is opened reduces the rate of air delivered to the storage reservoir by approximately onefourth, and the power demanded by the com prcssor by a correspomling amount. The valve chamber 21 is so constructed as to open determined order.

' similar in construction and a description of one wlll 'answer for the others.

the valve 9 of thefirst stage unloader, or as many of them as may be necessary to reduce sufficiently the rate of delivery of air to the,

storageireservoir so as to prevent overloading said reservolr. This valve chamber is provided with an exhaust pipe 24, a con trolling piston 25, and a weighted lever 26 which is controlled by a diaphragm 27 connected with a chamberg28, which in turn is connected with the storage reservoir 23. This controlling mechanismvfor the stage unloaders forms no part of thepresent invention, except as used in Conjunction with other controlling devices.

The present inventionis directed to a sympathetic controller for operating the stage unloaders in succession and in aprethrough the valve chambers 16, 17, 18 and 19 and the controllingdevices therein. The valve chamber 21 serves as a means for connecting all. of the valve chambers 16, 17 18 and 19 with the'storage reservoir 23. The storage reservoir 23 is connected through -the usual pipe 29 with the cylinder l. Each of the valve chambers 16, 17, 18 and 19 is Said valve chamberis provided with a piston valve 30 which is connected to a core 31 of a coil 32.

Each valve chamberhas an exhaust outlet 33. The pi'ston valve30 is so constructed thatwhen in its lower position the pipes leading from the stage unloaders are connected-with the pipes 20 so that each piston 10 is subjected to' the air pressure in the storage reservoir. When, however, the valve piston 30 is' raised then the pipes leading to the stage unloaders are connected through the exhaustpipes 30 withv the atmosphere. Our sympathetic controller is so constructed as to operate insuccession and 'in aprfe'de- ;tBIII11Il8d order these piston valves 30 so as to render effective. first one stage unloader andthen'another and 'so on, and the syinpa-. thetic controller is I also so, constructed as to restore these stagegunloaders to normal in.-.

effective condition inthe reverse order from which they are renderedeffective;

lhis sympathetic controller or governor h uplur'alityfof transformersfi, 35,36 and 7 .I' 'The'se't'ransformers .ar'e con-j nected respectivelv zwith relays 37, 38, '39

energy :su "trolled-(b andflg con 01 1th :a; suitable source of aswit:cl1f,4 2.-' One' terminal of the 'fcoi'l' is icoiiiiected' with "a wire 43',- while. the

', other terminal is connected with thewire 44.

The armature 145 of the relay 37 makes or 'br'eaksthe contact of this circuitfor the coil controlling. the valve 16. When therelay 37 is energized and armature 45 lifted, said armature makes contact at 46, thuske'stablishing the circuit? Adash pot A-Y Qis' con- This is accomplished ling coil for-the valve Pinned-th circuited when the valve 16 is in position for rendering the first stage unloader inoperative orineffective and likewise the. relays 39 and 40 are short-circuited, so that under normal conditions when the .air compressor is working under full load the relay 3? is the only one which has operative connection with its transformer. This short circuiting of the relays 38 and '39 and 403s accomplished by independent circuits 48,49, and

50, respectively. The circuit 48 is established by a switch 51 which is controlled by the valve piston 30 of the valve chamber 16. When this valve piston is down the circuit is closed and the coil 38 is cut out. Like this switch is operated by the valve piston of the valve 17 A switch 51' likewise controls the'circuit 50 and this switch is operated by the valve piston of the valve 18.

From the above description, it will be apparent that when the power demanded from .the main power line 3 approaches the capacity of the power plant, the transformer 34 will energize the relay 37 which will in -wise, a switch 51 controls the circuit 49 and turn close the circuit of the coil 32 and this coil will be energized through the current supplied through the lines 41 and the coil -=will lift the core 31, thus shifting the valve 30 and rendering effective the first stage unloader. At the same time the valve 30 is raised, the switch 51 is lifted breaking the short circuit of the relay 38 and this relay 38 will be energized by the transformer 35, provided the demand on,the power line is still suflicient to'actuate the same. When the first istage unloader is. rendered effective, the power demanded by the unit operating the air 'conipressor is less and this will reduce the load on the-power plant by a. certairr definite amount. When the power demand of the hoist drops, then the armature 15 of the relay 37 will be released breaking the circuit of the. coil' 32, allowing the core 31 to. drop, reestablishing the connection of the :pipe 12 and storage reservoir 23, and this effective the first: stage unloader. If'the power load continues'to rise, the relay, 38

will be energized and will in turn" lift the inturn will close the valve 9, rendering inarmature. 45 thereof, establishingva circuit throughthe line 52 which connects the'coilfi 53 in circuit with the circuit supplied through the lines 11. The coil 53 will lift but in predetermined order by L loaders shall e rendered turc armature of U circuit through the coil is e the p we'r demand decreases s both relays 37 and 38 th" a ma relay .38 will drop first to the the core and actuate the me the valve chamber 1'? and ti is wii ton valve 5% of l l in turn open the valve chamber 11 a second stage unloader 5 to the atmosphere, rendering said stage unloader eliective. This stage unloader whenit becomes effective will reduce further the power required to operate the air compressor. When the piston valve 5% is raised, the switch 51 of the short circuit is opened and this in turn connects the relay 39 with the transformer 36., and the relay 39 now becomes operative to actuate the armature e5 thereof when the load increases further hn the power line and the movement of the armature establishes the circuit 56 or" the coil 57 for the valve chamber 18. A movement or" the valve in the valve chamber 18 opens the circuit 50' the relay s0 and renders the saine effective to control in av like manner the coil 58 t the line 59.

' will thus be seen that the loaders operated not only irsta unsuccessi o1- fact al of the relays short circuited and the 3o eli'ertive connect tive transformer preceding relay is actuated of the stage unloaders,

It is also desirable that t cession so that the or once thrown on to the line. This is accomplished by a mechanical locking device which as herein shown consists of a series of latches 60, (5 and 62. The latch 62 is pivoted and connected by a link 63' with the armature 45 of the relay 4:0. The latch- 61 is connected by a similar link 63 with the armature of the relay while the latch 6G is connected by a. similar link {SS-with the armature of the relay 3S. ll hen the armature of the relay SS is raised, the latch 6G is swung a n w underneath the ari'i'iatui or Let us suppose that the pow-er line renders eflective tl stage unloaders; that is, th rel 38 are eiii'cctive to close the cir i coils 32 and respectively. 4; movement of the armature 0 go 1 1*.- the armature of the relay 8'!" by this latch and it is only ward movement of the lture or the arm 1 lama Go relay 38 which shifts 6 permit the armature or drop. Therefore, the sec-on will be rendered ineheo rendering '01- the nrst controller or governor be rendered ellective in succession and in a certain predetermined order and will also be rendered ineffective in succession and in the reverse order.

From the above construction, it will be apparent that we have provided a sympathetic governor which operates automati-,

cally to cut oi'it a certain portion of the power demanded in an auxiliary unit in orler to maintain a proper supply of power or main or major unit and this syinpathetic governor or controller will also autoaticallyi restore the auriliary unit to-lull inial capacity as soon as the power dcded from the main power line drops to L nut.

ne may be draulie pump, n stitnte i tor the l e. are c t Jove described.

1 iv! F 1-1 M; l'vw v 1/). A I]: v

a a. A or ull'u (LLLL\\1A 4 iv 1 S LONE our sympathetic governor as applied to the or trolling of units sugphed by lines lead mg from the main power line which is supplied with power from a suitable source ch as the generator S, and these units are relatively different importance In this gure the main power line nd tapped into the main pover line are iour distribut-in lines C andD. Let

us suppose the. ttively greater importance to maintan line than the lines B, or D, '7 h iniportance to mail ;ai1 line B than the line C and example the line A is u ed to enei. line while line is used to e '1 suburban line oflesser importance,v etc. ripply our syinpa thetic governor to this point. distributing system and said perate to cut out the power vided the power. exceeds the or pa the demand incre quired for the Ullll capacity of the pl r be automatically cut out and iii the power demanded still increases, tien' the l ne B will also be cut outv syinpathe'l'ti 3 governor or controller: will also ii sure that the lines be restored to normal operative con.- nection with the manpower line in the reverse order from which they are out out. The sympathetic overnor as applied to i construction to that he units slant. it

JOWGl re- ;ceeds the these units is s11 indicated at 3 2t connected to thelcore of a coil 73. The coil described above-in detail and a detail descrlption of all the parts will not be necessary.

The controlling lever 65 is normally thrown to open the switch by the usual spring or by gravity and said switch is held closed by a latch 66. This latch is operated by a coil67 which is controlled by the armature 68 of the relay 69 which is energized by the transformer 70. When the load on the main power line increases so as to energize the relay 69 through the transformer 70 and lift the armature 68', the circuit through the coil 67 is established which shifts the latch 66 to release the circuit breaker and permit the same to open to cut out the line D. The coil 67 is energized by a circuit 71 connected to the terminals 72 of a suitable source of supply. The lever 65 of the switch 64 is 73 is connected through the circuit 74: with the source of current 72. The circuit 71 is also controlled by the armature 68. If the load on the main power line decreases to a safe liinit, then the relay 69 will release the.

armature 68 which drops, breaking the circuit of the coil 67 and establishing the circuit of ,the coil 73. This releases the latch 66 and also operates the lever 65 to close the switch and establish the connection of the circuit D with the main power line. The circuit C is controlled by a circuit breaker 75 which has a coil 67 for controlling the latch and a coil 73 for closing the switch.

to open the circuit breaker, the short circuit is broken, which renders the relay 76 efiec tive to control the circuit breaker 75. This relay 76 operates an armature 68, which 'controls the coils for the circuit breaker 5 in the same manner as above described 1n connection with the circuit breaker 6 1. There is also a circuit breaker 79 for the circuit B which is controlled by a relay 80 energized by a transformer 81 and there is a circuit breaker 82 for the circuit A controlled by a relay 83 energized by a transformer 84,. There is likewise a locking latch 85 for the armature of eac'h'relay and these latches operate in precisely-the manner abo ve described in connectionwith Fig. 1

i for causing the circuit breakers to be thrown Yverseorder from which the to close the circuits in succession and in recircuit break: ers are opened.

From the above construction, it will be apparent that when the load on the line rises above the capacity'of the power plant, the transformer through the relay 69w1ll The line D is connected with the mainpower line 3 through the usual switch 64.

These coils 67 and 73 are controlled by a relay 76 which in turn is-energized by a transformer 77. The

gages the armature, the coil 95 maybe ener iifi open the circuit breaker of 'the line D and this simultaneously renders effective the relay 76,for controlling the line C. A movement of the armature of the relay 76 not only releases the circuit breaker 7 5 but renders effective therelay and the actuation of the armature of the relay 80 not only opens the circuit breaker 79 but renders effective the relay -83. Through the mechanically operated latches the armatures of 75' the relays will be allowed to drop in reverse order from which they are actuated and in succession so that the line A will first be restored, then B, then C, and finally D.

In Fig. 3 of the drawing, we have shown a slightly modified form of sympathetic governor or controller and we have also shown the same applied to a direct-currentpower distributing system. In this figure the main power line is indicated at 86. Tapped into this main line are four distributing circuits A; B-, C .and D'. These circuits bear the same relation toeach other as the circuits A, B, C and D described in connection with Fig. 1. The circuit D? is provided with a circuit breaker 87 which is actuated by a spring 88 and controlledby a' latch 89. This latch controlled by a coil v90 in a circuit 91, which in turn is connected by an armature 92 of a relay 93 in shunt with the main line 86. When the relay 93 is actuated, the armature 92 is raised and establishes the circuit 91 which causes the coil 90 to release the latch 89: and this permits the circuit'breaker to open. In like manner, thec'ircuit breaker 94of the circuit Cis controlled by a relay 95 having an arma ture 96. The circuit B is controlled by a v circuit breaker 97 which in turn is controlled by a relay 98 having an armature 99. The circuit breaker 1000f the circuit A is con- .trolled by a relay 101 having an armature 102. Instead of short circuiting the relays, We have provided a mechanical means for causing the. relays to operate one after the 11( other in a predetermined' orderto raise the armatures. A latch 104 is adapted to engage the armature 96 and hold the same away from the coil 95 When this latch en-l;

gized but the armature will not be lifted. I

The latch is connected a link 105 with the armature 92 of the relay 93. A similar latch 104: is connected by a link 105 with the relay. armature 96 and controls the arma- 120, ture 99" of the' 'relay 98. Likewise, a similar latch 104 and link 105'controls the armature 102fthrough the movement of the armature ,99. From the above it will be noted that the armatures 96, 99and 102 are all locked in lowered-position. When thearrnature 92 is raised, then 96 is released, and when 96 is raised, 99'isreleased, and'when 99 is raised, 102 is released: This insures the armatures being actuated in succession and in the pre i i t 1e relay therefor. in connection me .l combination with a power supply i'he arine'itures to be released and drop )GCl iogeraliiig a main unit, and a pliiralil of 5 in the reverse order. 1 auxiliary units, of a synipal'hetie e'oYeiaie-i' In connection Wlbll the first application of including a relay for controlling the power 70 the in *ention Where an air compressor is supplied to each auxiliary unit. a ('(Hll'i'nlunloaded by separate and independently voplingeoil for cutting out each unit devices erating tage nnloaders, each siage unloacler for short circniliine' the relays ole all ol' ilie is i the equ'valenb of an auxiliary Units eicept one whereby said relays will iini'l; demanding a certain amount of ower, "01 t-' 2'10 render e'l'leetiw one cell only 2'5 and each of iheseunloaders will be erred when the power demanded. by the combined to in a claims as the auxiliary units which units approaches or exceeds the e: paei o'l n b in a certain P QdQ QYTLHlRGCl order the power supply d es whereby when l said coil is rendered ellective a short (,llCllllI l ea in. the reverse order.

he above clescrip on li) will be i of another relay is broke/1 and a second coi a e i we have provided I nclerecl elifective to the control of he controller havii y therefor, and 1110" l for locking: the ar operated .11'0 of the first until the armature e second rela; eased rheielw said he rendered eliocii' 85 Y *;lCll they are *ith. a power sin saiclrelays become ineiieetive to conro coils in the rev rse order from phat in whim oewri'becl our inven they are rendered GLi' GClLlVG. n new and desire to secure 5. The combination with power sapoperating a ma n unib and an air c;v pressor of syni )athetio governor inc-limdevices whereby said air coin, may be unloaded by iDfl'iillIG the power clema'i (led lTJ said c ip-lesser approaches e; supp units,

g arelay ior .0: each a" cutting circuiting v I iron eontrolli i lo when the first coil is energized whereby said second relay becomes effective to control the second coil, and means controlled by the armature of the second relay for holding the armature of the first relay raised until said second relay armature drops whereby the stage unloaders of the aircompressor are rendered ineffective in succession.

8. The combination with a power supply operating a main unit and an air compressor having a plurality of stage unloaders, a controlling coil for each stage unloader, a circuit for each controlling coil. a relay for each coil for controlling its circuit. a transformer for controlling each relay, means whereby all of said relays except one are rendered ineffective, and whereby said relays are rendered successively effective. andmeans whereby said rel'ays are rendered successively ineffective in the reverse order from that in which they are rendered effective to close the circuits of their respective coils. v In testimony whereof, we afiiX our signatures, in the presence of two witnesses.

LUTHER STRAUGHAN HENLEY. FREDERICK ROWE KELLER. Mr. Henleys witnesses:

H. C. ALLEN, BERTHA I'IENLEY. Mr. Kellers witnesses;

B. F. DAVIS, \Vn. J. CoULTnn. 

